Joshua Chamberlain: The Soldier and the Man

Early Life and Education

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was born on September 8, 1828, in Brewer, Maine. His parents, Joshua Chamberlain Sr. and Sarah (Herrick) Chamberlain, were devout Congregationalists who instilled in their son a strong sense of faith and duty. Chamberlain's father was a successful merchant and a prominent figure in the local community.

Chamberlain received his early education at Brewer Academy. He was a bright and eager student, excelling in his studies. In 1848, he entered Bown College in Brunswick, Maine. At Bown, Chamberlain excelled both academically and athletically. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and the college's football team. Chamberlain's college experience had a profound impact on his life, and he remained a loyal alumnus throughout his life.

Military Service

After graduating from Bown College in 1852, Chamberlain taught school and studied law. Однако, the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 ignited his patriotic spirit. In August 1862, he enlisted in the Union Army and was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the 20th Maine Regiment.

Chamberlain's regiment saw action at several key battles during the war, including Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. However, it was at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 that Chamberlain made his mark on history. As part of Brigadier General Daniel Sickles' brigade, the 20th Maine was assigned to defend the vital position of Little Round Top.

On the afternoon of July 2, 1863, Confederate forces launched a heavy assault on Little Round Top. The 20th Maine and the other Union regiments defending the position were outnumbered and outgunned. However, Chamberlain rallied his men and launched a desperate bayonet charge that drove back the Confederate attackers. Chamberlain's heroic stand at Little Round Top helped to save the day for the Union Army and is considered one of the most iconic moments in American military history.

Chamberlain continued to serve with distinction throughout the war, rising to the rank of brigadier general. He was wounded several times and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Gettysburg.

Post-War Career

After the war, Chamberlain returned to Maine where he resumed his career in education. In 1871, he was appointed president of Bown College, his alma mater. Under Chamberlain's leadership, Bown became one of the leading colleges in the country. Chamberlain also served as governor of Maine from 1866 to 1871.

In addition to his career in education and public service, Chamberlain was also a prolific writer. He published several books and articles on military history, education, and religion. Chamberlain's writings are still widely read and admired today.

Legacy

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain is remembered as one of the most distinguished soldiers and educators of the 19th century. His courage, integrity, and leadership on the battlefield at Gettysburg and his dedication to education and public service after the war left a lasting legacy on the nation.

Chamberlain's life and career have been the subject of numerous books, articles, and films. He is also the namesake of several schools, colleges, and military units. The Joshua L. Chamberlain Museum and Visitor Center in Brunswick, Maine, is dedicated to preserving and interpreting Chamberlain's legacy.

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was a true American hero who embodied the best ideals of his time. His courage, integrity, and dedication to service continue to inspire people today.

Timeline of Joshua Chamberlain's Life

• 1828: Born in Brewer, Maine
• 1848: Enters Bown College
• 1852: Graduates from Bown College
• 1862: Enlists in the Union Army
• 1863: Commands the 20th Maine Regiment at the Battle of Gettysburg
• 1864: Wounded at the Battle of Petersburg
• 1865: Receives the Medal of Honor for his actions at Gettysburg
• 1866: Elected governor of Maine
• 1871: Appointed president of Bown College
• 1914: Dies in Portland, Maine

Further Reading

• The Joshua L. Chamberlain Society
• Joshua Chamberlain: American Civil War General
• The Joshua L. Chamberlain Collection at Bown College